Veteran leader of the CPI (M) Sitaram Yechury and former MP was once elected the General Secretary of the party.
This is the third time in a row that the Telugu political leader he has been elected to the post.
The election took place at the conclusion ceremony of the 23rd all-India conference of the party.
The conference also elected an 85-member central committee of the party, and created a 17-member politburo.
The members of the party's politburo are Sitaram Yechury, Prakash Karat, Manick Sarkar, Pinarayi Vijayan, B V Raghavulu, Brinda Karat, K Balakrishnan, M M Bebi, Suryakantha Misra, Mohammad Saleem, Subashini Ali, G Ramakrishnan, Tapan Sen, Nilotpal Basu, Vijay Raghavan, Ashok Dhawale and Ramachandran Dome.
The party also elected A K Padmanabhan as the Chairman of its central commission.